Interleukin 10
Vellalore N. Kakkanaiah, Ph.D.
Interleukin 10 (IL-10, originally known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, keratinocytes and tumor cells,1 is a potent inhibitor of cell-mediated immune responses by preferential action on antigen-presenting cells.1 IL-10 inhibits both the expression of class II MHC molecules and the production by human monocytes in vitro. of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-I and GM-CSF.1-2 In contrast, IL-1 has a stimulatory effect on humoral immune responses.3,4 IL-10 induces secretion of IgG, IgM and IgA by activated B cells and with IL-4 induces secretion of IgE.5 Similarly, hyperactivity of B cells in SLE results from the combination of IL-10-mediated autocrine and paracrine stimulations.6
In rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane cells spontaneously produce IL-107 and activated T-cell clones from rheumatoid synovial membrane produce high levels by IL-10.8 Thereby, IL-10 acts as an antiinflammatory cytokine.9 IL-10 can be detected in patients with septicemia, and there is a significant association between admission hypotension and the presence of IL-10 in severely injured patients.10,11 IL-10 concentrations are elevated in both serum and CSF of children with bacterial meningitis.12,13
REFERENCES
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- Cohen SBA, Katsikis PD, Chu C-Q, et al. High level of interleukin-10 production by the activated T cell population within the rheumatoid synovial membrane. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:946-52.
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- Merchant A, Deviere J, Baudouin B, et al. Interleukin-10 production during septicemia. Lancet 1994;343:707.
- Sherry RM, Cue JI, Goddard JK, Parramore JB, DiPiro JT. Interleukin-10 is associated with the development of sepsis in trauma patients. J Trauma 1996;40:613-6.
- van Furth AM, Seijimonsbergen EM, Langerman JAM, Groeneveld PHP, de Bel CE, van Furth R. High levels of interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor I in cerebrospinal fluid during the onset of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:220-2.
- Kornelisse RF, Savelkoul HFJ, Mulder PHG, et al. Interleukin-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis. J Infect Dis 1996;173:1498-1502.
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