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Parietal Cell Autoantibodies
Alaa E. Ahmed, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Parietal cell autoantibodies (PCA) are found in approximately 5% of healthy individuals.1,2 The autoantigens for PCA are the a and b subunits of the gastric H+/K+-ATPase (gastric proton pump) which is responsible for acid secretion into the lumen of the stomach, and is specifically expressed in gastric parietal cells.3 Early studies emphasized the high frequency (90-100%) of PCA in pernicious anemia (PA);4 however, recent studies show a frequency of ~55%, with a higher frequency in younger patients.2 The relationship of PCA to type A gastritis (characterized by atrophy of the fundal mucosa, achlorhydria, tendency to evolve to latent or overt pernicious anemia and association with autoimmune endocrine disease) is well known.3,5 PCA can be detected by IFA (90% of PA patients) as reticular cytoplasmic staining using mouse stomach frozen sections.3 EIA is said to be 82% sensitive and 90% specific for parietal cell autoantibodies.6 The pathologic role of PCA in PA is unclear.3 A link between smooth muscle autoantibodies and PCA with alopecia areata was made in an Indian population.7 In autoimmune liver diseases, PCA are found in 100% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 75% of autoimmune hepatitis and 29% of patients with chronic liver disease.8 Increased frequency of PCA are also reported in vitiligo patients.9
See Also:
 Gastric Cell cAMP-Stimulating Autoantibodies
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Parietal Cell Total Autoantibodies |
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REFERENCES
- Oya H, Uchida Y, Morshed SA, Nishioka M. Anti-parietal cell antibody in autoimmune liver diseases is associated with gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995;371B:1087-9.
- Carmel R. Reassessment of the relative prevalence of antibodies to gastric parietal cell and to intrinsic factor in patients with pernicious anaemia: influence of age and race. Clin Exp Immunol 1992;89:74-7.
- Gleeson PA, van Driel IR, Toh B-H. Parietal cell autoantibodies. In: Peter JB, Shoenfeld Y, editors. Autoantibodies. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V., 1996:600-6.
- Strikland RG. Chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia. In: Targan SR, Shanahan F, editors. Immunology and immunopathology of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1990:535-46.
- Strikland RG. Gastritis. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1990;12:203-17.
- Chuang JS, Callaghan JM, Gleeson PA, Toh BH. Diagnostic ELISA for parietal cell autoantibodies using tomato lectin purified gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase (proton pump). Autoimmunity 1992;12:1-7.
- Sharma B, Sharma VK, Sehgal S. Antismooth muscle and antiparietal cell antibodies in indians with alopecia areata. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:542-5.
- Oya H, Uchida Y, Morshed SA, Nishioka M. Anti-parietal cell antibody in autoimmune liver diseases is associated with gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. In: Mestecky J, Russel MW, Jackson S, Michalek SM, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Sterzl J, editors. Advances in mucosal immunology. New York: Plenum Press, 1995;371B:1087-9.
- Mandry RC, Ortize LJ, Lugo-Somolinos A, Sanchez JL. Organ-specific autoantibodies in vitiligo patients and their relatives. Int J Dermatol 1996;35:18-21.
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